Glossary of Internet terms Part-G/H/I/J/K

G

Gateway
A hardware or software mechanism or configuration that allows
communication between two dissimilar protocols.
GIF
Graphics Interchange Format. A common image format that allows up to 256
colors. GIF images work best for text, sharp lines, and large areas of continuous
color. GIF images support transparency and can be displayed in rapid succession
to simulate animation.
Gigabyte
Depending on the source referenced, it’s either 1000 or 1024 megabytes.

H

Helper Application
An application that is launched to view files that browsers can’t parse
independently (such as videos, for example).
Hit
A request from a browser to a server. A web page with 14 images will count
15 hits, one for the main page and 14 for the images (one per image). Hits are
often confused with other measurements, such as page views or users.


Home Page
Originally, a home page was the browser’s start page. That evolved to
meaning personal web sites for a short time, but nowadays the most common
meaning is the main web page (index page) for any web site.
Host
A company that provides server disk space to other companies and individuals
so their web sites are available on the Internet.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
The simple programming language that allows formatted pages to display on
the World Wide Web via a web browser.
Hyperlinks OR HyperText Links
A method of embedding a URL into an object, such as a segment of text or an
image. When this object is clicked, the browser activates the embedded URL to
retrieve the linked file.

I

ICANN
The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers. An organization
recognized by the U.S. government in November 1999 to administer the
Internet’s core technical functions and foster competition among domain name
registrars.


IDE
Integrated Drive Electronics. A standard connector for connecting computer
peripherals.
Internet
The catchall word used to describe the massive worldwide network of
computers. The word "Internet" literally means, "network of networks." In itself,
the Internet is comprised of thousands of smaller regional networks scattered
throughout the globe.
InterNIC
Internet Network Information Center. InterNIC began as a cooperative effort
between the U.S. government and Network Solutions, Inc. They were initially
responsible for registering and maintaining the com, net, and org top-level
domain names on the World Wide Web.

Intranet
A private network of computers in which access from the outside is restricted.
IP Address
Internet Protocol Address. The numerical addresses that relate to a specific
domain name, which may identify one or more IP addresses. The format of an IP
address is a 32-bit numeric address written as four sets of numbers separated by
periods. Each number can be from zero to 255. For example, 204.17.42.69 could
be an IP address.

IRC
Internet Relay Chat. A massive network of text-based chat channels (rooms)
and their users all across the world.
ISDN
Integrated Digital Services Network. A type of phone line that can handle both
analog and digital data that is used for higher-speed Internet access. If you have
ISDN, you can use the same line for talking on the phone and accessing the
Internet simultaneously.


ISP
Internet Service Provider. A company that provides local access to the
Internet and may provide hosting services as well. Also known as a local dial-up
provider or access provider.
IT
Information Technology. IT is a very broad term referring to everything from
computer hardware to software programming to network management.

J

Java
A general programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in response
to problems encountered with the C++ language. Suited for use on the web,
Java is intended to produce simple, cross-platform, high-performance, multithreaded,
dynamic programs.


JavaScript
A movie script about the coffee industry...just kidding. A popular client-side,
interpreted scripting language used to bring additional functionality and
interactivity to web pages.
JPEG
Joint Photographic Experts Group. A common image compression format
capable of including more than 16 million unique colors. JPEG images, more
commonly recognized by the file extension of .jpg, are best suited for textures,
photographs, and gradients.


JSP
Java Server Pages. A scripting language similar to ASP and PHP, JSP allows
the use of Java on the server side to produce dynamic web pages.

K

Kbps
Kilobits per second. The transfer rate of information from one point to the
next. A kilo equals 1000—unless you’re referring to computers, when it
sometimes refers to 1024 bytes of binary data.

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